Must one have kavvanah (intention/concentration) during the Amidah, and which blessings require it?

PrayerAmidah

Synopsis

The Mechaber requires kavvanah for all blessings of the Amidah, with a minimum of the first blessing (Avot). The Mishnah Berurah adds that Modim should also receive kavvanah l'chatchila, and that one should train oneself to concentrate at least at the closing of each blessing.

Early Acharonim
Late Acharonim
Lenient
Strict
Lesser cited
Major authority

Discussion

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