How should the knots and windings (gdil and anaf) be made, and what are the required proportions?

Synopsis

Five double knots with four sections of windings between them is the practice. The Mechaber records the Ashkenazic winding count (7-9-11-13) summing to 40. The proportions of gdil to anaf are debated: the standard custom is 1/3 gdil and 2/3 anaf. No Torah-level measurement for the windings themselves.

Early Acharonim
Lenient
Strict
Lesser cited
Major authority

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